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Horizontal well is another key factor in the successful development of shale gas reservoirs
SinterMax is a bauxite based ultra high strength proppant. It is used in the fracturing process of oil and gas wells, at high closure stress, over 20.000 psi. ... EZFLOW-PROP is a bauxite based light weight proppant. it is used in the fracturing process of oil and gas wells, at high closure stress, over 5.000 psi. Download Technical Data Sheet.
Bauxite-based fracturing proppants with high strengths were prepared at sintering temperatures below 1200 °C via the addition of CaO and MnO 2.The effects of CaO and MnO 2 addition on the sintering behavior and the crush resistance of the bauxite-based proppants were investigated. The addition of CaO and MnO 2 promoted the formation of a …
Pyrolusite doped high-strength alumina matrix fracturing proppant was prepared by the technique of pressureless sintering.The effects of MnO2 and Fe2O3 introduced from pyrolusite on the phase composition,pore structure,grain size and crush resistance of proppants were studied by X-ray diffraction,mercury intrusion porosimetry,scanning electron microscopy and the …
Proppant crushing and embedment in hydraulically-induced fractures is a major drawback to the recovery of unconventional oil/gas and geothermal energy production. This …
An ideal proppant for hydraulic fracturing should be neutrally buoyant, implying a very low bulk specific gravity, while maintaining crush resistance and low acid solubility.
2.2 Proppants. Sintered bauxite 40/70 mesh (nominal particle sizes from 210 to 400 µm) proppant was selected for our study because of its high strength and low chemical …
Although researchers have identified sintered bauxite ceramic proppants as a better replacement for natural sand, understanding their realistic mechanical behaviour and performance under in-situ fracture environments is of uttermost importance (Herskovits et al., 2016).Although ceramic proppants are considered as a better replacement, their performance …
As prepared, the proppants have an apparent density of 2.55–2.59 g/cm 3, and are resistant to high closure stress (over 69 MPa). By examining the distribution of the fines produced in the crushing rate test, it is apparent that the reduced crushing rate of ICP is due to its own increased compressive strength, rather than the encapsulation of ...
Summary. Since the earliest fracturing treatments more than 50 years ago, many different materials have been used including sand, glass beads, walnut hulls, and metal shot. Today's commonly used proppants include various sands, resin-coated sands, intermediate-strength ceramics, and sintered bauxite—each employed for its ability to cost-effectively …
Bauxite-based fracturing proppants with high strengths were prepared at sintering temperatures below 1200 °C via the addition of CaO and MnO 2.The effects of CaO …
Specific gravity, corrosion resistance, and crush resistance of each proppant also were determined. proppant also were determined. Fracture conductivity was measured to a laminar flow of deaerated, deionized water over a closure stress range of 6.9 to 96.5 MPa [1,000 to 14,000 psi] in 6.9-MPa [1,000-psi] increments.
Preparation of ceramic proppant. Firstly, two types of low-grade bauxite raw materials were crushed by a fluidized bed air mill. The particle size distribution of the two kinds of low-grade bauxite was tested by a laser particle size analyzer, and the results of the high aluminum type low-grade bauxite and the high iron type low-grade bauxite are shown in Fig. 1.
Low density and high strength ceramic proppant were prepared by sintering high alumina type low‐grade bauxite and high iron type low‐grade bauxite at temperature range from 1300 ℃ to 1360 ℃.
Of the many proppant characteristics, the type, size, shape, sphericity and angularity of proppants are crucial factors in determining the rate of proppant crushing and embedment (Zhang et al ...
The effect of graded proppant injection on the permeability of both fractured and porous rocks is depicted in Fig. 3pared to mono-sized proppant injections, this method is proven to be able to improve stimulation treatments (Keshavarz et al., 2015a).In recent years, this technique has been developed using theoretical, numerical and experimental methods by …
Pyrolusite doped high-strength alumina matrix fracturing proppant was prepared by the technique of pressureless sintering. The effects of MnO2 and Fe2O3 introduced from pyrolusite on the phase ...
#bauxite #proppant having very high compressive strength, low specific gravity, and good acid resistance...
The results showed that the proppants sintered at 1260°C for 2 h with a heating rate of 5°C min–1 under air atmosphere exhibited high crush resistance and low density, with the breakage ratio ...
The crush resistance test is performed by crushing a sample of proppants under increasing stresses. The highest stress level (rounded down to the nearest 1000 psi) under which the proppants generate no more than 10% crushed material is defined as the crush resistance (sometimes called the K-value).The higher the crush resistance is, the better the proppants …
To analyze the crush resistance of proppants, the sample was sieved into two sets, (A) corresponding to #30/60 and (B) to #16/30. Only 0.2 g of each sample (A or B) was added to the cell, and the piston was inserted without applying any additional force (see Fig. 2). Then, the system was placed into the press and a stress of 20,000 psi (1 ton) approximately, …
Abstract. The American Petroleum Institute (API) crush tests for proppants found in recommended practices (e.g. RP 56, 58, & 60) are typically used to compare the crush resistance of recognized API proppant sizes at a predetermined stress under dry and ambient conditions (API, 1995). This procedure has remained the same through several API …
Proppants are widely used during hydraulic fracturing in the oil and gas industry. This paper compares the crushing characteristics of four different types of proppant with three different size ...
Most of the ceramic proppant was made with high density bauxite as raw materials, leading to the high density of traditional ceramic proppant. ... The proppant obtained with a high crush strength ...
The proppants prepared by bauxite, waste ceramic sands and sintering aids are promising candidates as high-intensity and low-density fracturing proppants in future applications.
The proppants were obtained with a high crush strength and low apparent density when the sintering temperature was 1350 °C. ... A new research method was explored by preparing the high silicon proppant from low grade bauxite, ... Effect of MnO 2 and Fe 2 O 3 on microstructure and crush resistance of alumina matrix fracturing proppant. J. Chin ...
Proppant crushing and embedment in hydraulically-induced fractures is a major drawback to the recovery of unconventional oil/gas and geothermal energy production. This study provides a grain-scale analysis of the fracture evolution mechanisms of proppant crushing, rock fracture damage during proppant embedment, the influence of realistic reservoir/fracture fluid …
The utilization of high proppant concentrations can lower both proppant crushing and proppant embedment, and the results from crush tests revealed that increasing the …
Specific gravity, corrosion resistance, and crush resistance of each proppant also were determined. proppant also were determined. Fracture conductivity was measured to a laminar …
Crush resistance. Fine particles that are produced due to crushing of the proppant as a result of high stress can cause plugging of the pack pore, reducing the formation conductivity (Economides, 2009; Fu et al., 2016; Mittal et al., 2018; Zoveidavianpoor and Gharibi, 2015). The crush resistance testing in API RP 19C is a static pressure test.
