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Near-surface supergene ores of the Merensky Reef in the Bushveld Complex, South Africa, contain economic grades of platinum-group elements, ... The whole-rock platinum-group element distribution was studied by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and the platinum-group minerals were investigated by reflected-light …
These metals occur together in PGM-bearing ore; South Africa's Bushveld Complex hosts approximately 80% of PGM-bearing ore; ... The Merensky Reef is found between the Critical and the Main Zone, and is rich in platinum group elements (PGEs): platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, osmium and ruthenium. (Source: Wits)
There are enough platinum group element deposits in the Bushveld Complex in South Africa to supply world demands for many decades or even a century using current mining techniques. Demonstrated reserves and resources published by mining companies make detailed calculations up to a maximum of about twenty years ahead, but there is abundant and adequate geological …
The Bushveld Complex in South Africa hosts the world's largest resources of platinum-group elements (PGEs), which are mainly mined from three ore bodies, namely the Merensky Reef, the UG-2 chromitite, and the Platreef. In these ores, the PGEs are bimodally distributed, occurring both as discrete platinum-group minerals (PGMs) and hosted by sulfides. The presence of …
increasing exploitation of the UG2 Reef w ill lift its contribution to South Africa's platinum output. The Crocodile River mine was the first devoted entirely to exploiting UG2 ore. In the northern extension of the BIC the Platreef is found. Whereas the platinum palladium ratio in the Merensky and UG2 reefs is close to three to one, the two
The platinum-group elements, platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, and osmium, possess unique physical and chemical characteristics that make them indispensable to …
1. South Africa: South Africa is the world's largest producer of platinum, accounting for a substantial portion of the global supply. The Bushveld Complex in South Africa is a vast geological formation that contains numerous platinum group element (PGE) deposits, including platinum, palladium, rhodium, and others.
The major contributors to ore variability include hydrothermal alteration, oxidation, and weathering of a pristine ore deposit. The alteration of sulphide minerals by oxidation can lead to reduced ...
In South Africa, the largest platinum-group metal deposit is the Bushveld Igneous Complex (BIC), containing 3-9 g/t platinum-group metals in ore, associated with base metals (Ni, Cu, etc.) with ...
PDF | On Jul 1, 2009, ROGER N. SCOON and others published Discovery and Geology of the Platinum Group Element Deposits of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa | Find, read and cite all the research ...
Small-scale variations in mineral chemistry, textures, and platinum group element (PGE) mineralization were investigated in the Lower and Middle Group chromitite layers LG6, LG6a, MG1, MG2, and MG2 II from vertical drill core profiles at the Thaba mine in the northwestern limb of the Bushveld Complex.
The Platreef Ore horizon of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa, is the third largest platinum group element ore deposit in the world, but the origin of its ore remains enigmatic.
The 3033 Ma Stella layered intrusion of South Africa consists largely of magnetite gabbros and gabbros that are hosted by greenstones of the. ... Centre for Research on Magmatic Ore Deposits, Department of Geology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa ... The intrusion contains a 100-m-thick, platinum group element (PGE ...
Platinum (Pt) and palladium (Pd) are two of the six metals that make up the PGEs being within the group of transition metals. There are not many economically viable PGE deposits, the largest being ...
Overview. The Bushveld Complex (BC), located in northern South Africa, is a Paleoproterozoic Large Igneous Province ~2 Ga in age. It is the world's largest layered mafic intrusion and boasts the highest concentration of Platinum Group Elements (PGE).The Bushveld Complex contains 75%, 54%, and 82% of global Platinum, Palladium, and Rhodium …
Request PDF | Distribution of platinum-group elements in pristine and near-surface oxidized Platreef ore and the variation along strike, northern Bushveld Complex, South Africa | The Platreef of ...
Wesizwe aims to produce 420,000 ounces of platinum group metals per annum. Once up and running, it would be the first of its kind for China, which until now has kept out of platinum production. This group of metals, of which South Africa's reserves represent 70% of global production, are essential for automotive exhaust electronics and catalysts.
The UG-2 chromitite of the Bushveld Complex in South Africa contains the world's largest resources of platinum group elements (PGEs). However, only limited work has been conducted on the fine ...
There are large deposits of platinum group elements in the Merensky and Upper Group 2 reefs in South Africa ("South Africa"). These deposits were formed from silicate magma intrusions. ... The raw ore extracted from mines must be further processed before the PGEs can be used for industrial purposes. The refining process begins with smelting at ...
Base-metal sulfides in magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE deposits are important carriers of platinum-group elements (PGE). The distribution and concentrations of PGE in pentlandite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, and pyrite were determined in samples from the mineralized portion of four Merensky Reef intersections from the eastern and western Bushveld Complex. Electron …
Impala Platinum Limited is the world's second largest platinum producer, producing more than 1.7 million ounces of the precious metal last year, much of this from the UG-2 reef located in the Bushveld Complex, South Africa. As part of Impala's ongoing expansion programme, tonnage through their principal UG-2 processing facility, near Rustenburg, was increased 40% in 2001. …
Platinum-group minerals (PGM) in base metal sulfides: new evidence for an orthomagmatic origin of the Merensky Reef PGE ore deposit, Bushveld Complex, South Africa.
Platinum-bearing ores were first dis-covered in South Africa in the lode de-posits of the Waterburg District in 1923 by Adolf Erasmus and then on the Maandagshoek farm by Andries Lombaard in 1924. Hans Merensky iden-tified the platinum-iron alloy from Lombaard's panning, and, shortly after-ward, the Merensky reef was discovered
Discovery and Geology of the Platinum Group Element Deposits of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa ROGER N. SCOON; ... and the youngest, the Lebowa Granite Suite (including a suite of granophyres). The majority of the ore deposits are, however, restricted to the intervening group of ultramafic-mafic rocks, or Rustenburg Layered Suite. ...
Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; E-mmail: grant.cawthorn@wits.ac.za There are enough platinum group element deposits in the Bushveld Complex in South Africa to supply …
The chromitites of the Bushveld Complex in South Africa contain vast resources of platinum-group elements (PGE); however, except for the economic upper group (UG)-2 chromitite …
The 2050 Ma old (Scoates and Friedman 2008) Bushveld Complex in South Africa is the largest layered mafic-ultramafic intrusion on Earth and contains the largest resources of platinum-group elements (PGE) on Earth as well as economically important reserves of chromium and vanadium (Von Gruenewaldt 1977; Vermaak 1995; Zientek et al. 2014).The …
Russia and South Africa are the world's leading producers of platinum group elements (PGEs). This places them in a unique position regarding the supply of these two key industrial commodities. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comparative high-level overview of aspects of the geological occurrence, mineralogy, and processing by flotation of the …
The chromitites of the Bushveld Complex in South Africa contain vast resources of platinum-group elements (PGE); however, except for the economic upper group (UG)-2 chromitite seam, information on the distribution of the PGE in the ores and on the mineralogical nature, assemblages, and proportions of platinum-group minerals (PGM) is essentially missing. In …
Underexplored extensions of stratabound platinum-group element (PGE) deposits in the Bushveld Complex in South Africa may contain 65,000 metric tons of platinum, palladium, and rhodium to a depth ...
