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Low-grade ores are treated by dump leaching, while vat leaching can be used to treat higher grade oxide ore. Agitation leaching in stirred tanks is applied to both oxide and sulfide materials: the ...
Introduction Heap leaching forms part of the group of technologies known as percolation leaching, which includes in situ leaching, dump leaching, heap leaching and vat leaching (Bartlett, 1998; John, 2011). Common to all these technologies is migration of leach solution through a fixed bed of ore particles, on its path interacting with the ...
Heap leaching is the most important method of hydrometallurgical copper extraction. Heap leaching is used for treating oxide and lower-grade secondary sulfide ores that contain up to ∼2% Cu. The ore is crushed to a uniform particle size (typically 12–50 mm), often agglomerated, and then stacked on large flat-topped heaps in a controlled manner.. Heaps are typically ∼7 m …
The laboratory column leaching procedures used to study the percolation leaching performance of crushed ore provide optimistic results compared to the performance …
This paper outlines a comprehensive, cost-effective testing program for the acid-ferric sulfate heap leaching of oxide, supergene and primary copper ores. It is based on extensive experience in copper heap leaching and uses the many technological advances in the field developed over the past several decades. The approach described requires firstly a …
2.3. Agitation leaching. Batch agitation leaching tests were performed using a 1 L polypropylene beaker provided with a pH-temperature electrode to determine the maximum solubilisation yield of cobalt and copper and the proportion of trivalent cobalt in the ore.A total of 200 mL of 75 g/L H 2 SO 4 aqueous solution was placed in the beaker and a weighted ore …
Another 1 kg of the ore sample was ground down using a series of roller mills and then pulverised to dimensions of less than 10 μm for chemical and mineralogical analyses. 2.4. Percolation column leaching Percolation column leaching tests were conducted in two types of columns: small laboratory column and large semi-pilot column.
Page 28 The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Percolation Leaching: The status globally and in Southern Africa 2011 L W John Table 4 Design Criteria Comparison for Precious and Base Metal Heap Leaching …
The Chinese government encourages percolation leaching of low grade ores. • Percolation leaching is used to extract gold, copper, rare earth metals and uranium. • …
of agitation compared to percolation leaching (Ghorbani et al., 2016; Oxley et al., 2016; Staden et al., 2017). As far as percolation leaching is ... The efficiency of reductive leaching of oxidised copper-co-balt ore with sulphuric acid is highly dependent on pH (≈1.5). The pH can be maintained by the addition of make-up acid. Moreover, the
in a total estimate of 60 million tons of copper ore reserves, with an average grade of 1.63 % [17]. There are many studies published in the literature on the leaching of non-Jordanian copper ores using various lixiviant. For example, Madsen et al. [19], developed a shrinking core model to describe the leaching of copper from sulfide ores
Vat Leaching Copper Ore. ... Ores may be separated into sand and slime, and the sand leached by upward or downward as well as upward and downward percolation of cyanide solutions. Leaching practice has decreased in recent years with the development of closed-circuit grinding and now is seldom incorporated in new plants.
The principal methods of leaching copper ores at the present time are heap, dump, in-place, and vat. ... In these tests, crushed or uncrushed ores were treated by either upward or downward percolation of leach solutions within 3-½-inch-diameter by 4-foot-high, vertically mounted, plastic columns. Figure 1 is a picture of two of these columns ...
This well-researched process recovers copper cyanide as a precipitate after cyanide leaching. This can be of benefit in those gold- and copper-bearing ores where the copper can interfere in the carbon-in-pulp recovery of the gold. There are many micro-organisms and other reagents that can be used in a percolation heap mode.
The copper yield was 47 % at using conventional sulfuric acid leaching, while utilizing bacterial leaching increased the copper recovery up to 86 % during 90 days of the experiment.
Heap leaching (including bioleaching) is widely used for the treatment of low-grade copper ores [15,19], and the possibility of using it for Cu-Ni ore was also studied on an industrial scale [24].
Recent focus on hydrometallurgical methods for non-sulfide copper ores prompted a study on leaching a copper oxide ore containing 2.22% Cu, 44.9% SiO2, 6.94% Al, 6.61% …
The drum agglomeration is considered as a pretreatment step for the heap leaching of copper and gold ores whereas the agglomeration of uranium and nickel ores has received less attention over the past years. ... New agglomeration techniques for the acid percolation leaching of clay-bearing copper ores. In: Proceedings of Copper 2003 – 5th ...
The two major techniques used in leaching are percolation and agitation leaching. Percolation leaching involves the percola tion of a lixiviant through a static bed, whereas agitation leach ing involves finer particle sizes agitated in a lixiviant. Due to the large-scale operations involved in bacterial leaching, percola
Leaching processes can be defined as the selective removal and/or extraction of metallic values from a mineral, causing a suitable solvent of the leaching agent to percolate …
The chemical binder is one of the critical factors affecting ore agglomeration behavior and leaching efficiency. In this study, we investigated the effect of the type of binder …
1. Introduction. Heap leaching is a low-cost, flexible hydrometallurgical process for recovering valuable metals from low-grade ores (Nosrati et al., 2012).In this process, the ore bed must be porous and permeable to permit flow of the leach solution (Lewandowski and Kawatra, 2009a).However, fine particles usually migrate into the porous structures and clog the natural …
As far as percolation leaching is concerned, it has the advantages of having a low investment cost required for the implementation of the leaching operations and a relatively low operating cost. ... The efficiency of reductive leaching of oxidised copper-cobalt ore with sulphuric acid is highly dependent on pH (≈1.5). The pH can be maintained ...
and copper ores, whereas heap leaching has been applied to many different minerals including copper, gold, silver, ura-nium, vanadium, zinc, nickel, and cobalt. However, as the ... Percolation Theory Leach solutions passing through a heap (and all flow regimes where unsaturated flow conditions exist) can be divided into
The present work addresses the problem of improving the percolation properties of heap leaching piles of clay, slime-oxidised and mixed ores. These ores are prone to colmatation, which hinders ...
The largest copper heap leaching facility is the Zijinshan copper mine, which is a copper bio-leaching system and it has a daily ore treatment capacity of 20,000 tonnes. 13.9 million tonnes of low grade secondary copper sulphide ores …
Percolation Leaching. This is also known as vat leaching. A relatively low grade ore is crushed to about 5-20 cm particle size and loaded into large tanks. ... For instance, if it is acid being used to leach an oxidized copper ore, then the …
Low-grade ores are treated by dump leaching, while vat leaching can be used to treat higher grade oxide ore. Agitation leaching in stirred tanks is applied to both oxide and sulfide materials: the ...
etc. The test has been used successfully in laboratory situations for gold, silver and uranium ores in alkali conditions as well as copper (Efthymiou et al., 1998), nickel and uranium ores in acid conditions. Field operations include heap leaching of gold and silver ores in alkali conditions and copper ores employing acid leaching.
The copper heap leaching operations started from oxide ores, and by the 1980 s the first sulfide copper heap leaching for ores such as chalcocite had appeared (Watling, 2006). Chalcopyrite bioheap leaching is still in a development stage with several teams around the world looking for the breakthrough (Watling, 2006, Mutch et al., 2010, Panda ...
